Following the First Intermediate Period was the Middle Kingdom Period, spanning from the 11th to part of the 13th Dynasties (some historians consider even the 14th Dynasty part of the Middle Kingdom). During this time, the dominant religion of Egypt was the cult of Osiris.

2040 BC	Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II wins the civil war, reunites Egypt, makes Thebes the capital of all Egypt, establishes the 11th dynasty and builds the mortuary complex of Deir el Bahri
2010 BC	Mentuhotep II dies and is succeeded by Mentuhotep III, who was already quite old after his father’s 51-year reign. Despite this, Mentuhotep III was able to explore to Punt and innovate new architecture.
2000 BC	The first obelisks are erected at Heliopolis (Cairo), the site of the cult of Ra/Atum
1991 BC	Amenemhet I rises to power (beginning the 12th Dynasty), probably by overthrowing Mentuhotep IV. He relocates the capital from Thebes to Itjtawy, south of Memphis. He has a pyramid built there and constructs the Wall of the Ruler in the Sinai region
1975 BC	Amenemhet builds the pyramid of Hawara with its labyrinth
1962 BC	Senusret I succeeds Amenemhet. During his reign he continues his father’s aggressive expansion policies
1900 BC	Ceremonies honoring Osiris and his mysteries are held in Abydos, recounting the passing and resurrection of the deity
1844 BC	Amenemhet III comes to reign. His rule is considered the golden age of the Middle Kingdom Period. He constructs the Labyrinth at Harawa
1797 BC	Amenemhet III passes away and 12th Dynasty starts declining
1800 BC	The Kahun Gynecological Papyrus deals with women’s health and contraception
1720 BC	Egypt starts to fracture politically. Many local dynasties are establishing, one of which is a West-Semitic speaking Syro-Canaanite dynasty in the delta area which would eventually conquer southward, thanks to the unstable political situation. They eventually become the Hyksos (15th) Dynasty that rules Ancient Egypt.
1700 BC	The Kingdom of Kush is established south of Egypt