The Hellenistic Period of Ancient Greece begins with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. and lasts until the the Roman Empire conquered the last of the Greek territories, signified by the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 B.C. After Alexander the Great’s death, his generals split up his Empire into several territories or realms which ultimately resulted in the spread of Greek culture during the Hellenistic Period. The great centers of Greek culture became centered in the newer regions: Alexandria in Ptolemaic, Egypt and Antioch in Seleucid Syria.
| 323 BC |  Alexander the Great passed away. The Empire begins to collapse rapidly as his generals compete for power. |
|---|---|
| 323–322 BC | Lamian War |
| 322-320 BC |  First War of the Diadochi |
| 320 BC | Triparadisus Partition: Alexander’s generals agree to share power. |
| 320–311 BC | Second War of the Diadochi |
| 317 BC |  Cassander murdered Alexander’s son and rose to power in Macedonia and Greece. |
| 310 BC | Zeno of Citium establishes the Stoic School in Athens |
| 307 BC |  Epicurus establishes the Philosophic School in Athens |
| 300 BC | Euclid wrote Elements, a treatise on geometry and mathematics |
| 295 BC |  Athens fell to Demetrius and Lachares was killed. |
| 290 BC | The Colossus was built in Rhodos |
| 281 BC | The Achaean League was formed |
| 280–275 BC |  Pyrrhic War |
| 279 BC | Gauls invaded the Balkans |
| 277 BC | Antigonus II Gonatas defeated the Gaul and became the king of Macedonia |
| 274 BC |  Pyrrhus invaded Greece and Macedonia |
| 274–271 BC | First Syrian War |
| 272 BC |  Antigonus II Gonatas defeated Pyrrhus |
| 267–262 BC | Chremonidean War |
| 265 BC | Archimedes developed Archimedes’ screw, center of gravity, specific gravity, and other discoveries regarding integral calculus |
| 261 BC | Antigonus II Gonatas took over Athens |
| 260–253 BC |  Second Syrian War |
| 246–241 BC | Third Syrian War |
| 239 BC | Antigonus II Gonatas passed away. Demetrius II succeeded him |
| 229 BC |  Athens acquired its independence |
| 219–217 BC | Fourth Syrian War |
| 216 BC |  Philip V joined forces with Hannibal of Carthage |
| 214–205 BC | First Macedonian War |
| 203–200 BC | Fifth Syrian War |
| 200–196 BC |  Second Macedonian War |
| 197 BC | Philip V lost to the Romans at Kynoskephalai |
| 192–188 BC | Roman-Syrian War |
| 179 BC |  Philip V passed away. Perseus succeeded him |
| 172–167 BC | Third Macedonian War |
| 170–168 BC | Sixth Syrian War |
| 168 BC | The Romans defeated Perseus and ended the Antigonid Dynasty |
| 150–148 BC | Fourth Macedonian War |
| 149 BC | The Romans annexed Macedonia as a province |