c. 406 | Attila the Hun is born in the region near the Danube River, which is now part of modern-day Hungary. |
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434 | Attila and his brother Bleda become joint rulers of the Hunnic Empire after the death of their uncle, King Rugila. |
435-439 | Attila and Bleda lead the Huns in a series of successful campaigns against the Eastern Roman Empire, forcing Emperor Theodosius II to agree to a peace treaty and pay an annual tribute to the Huns. |
445 | Attila becomes the sole ruler of the Hunnic Empire after the death of his brother Bleda, either through natural causes or assassination by Attila himself. |
447 | Attila invades the Eastern Roman Empire once again, sacking numerous cities and causing widespread destruction. The Romans agree to increase the tribute payments in exchange for peace. |
450 | Attila receives a plea for help from Honoria, sister of the Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III, who seeks to escape an unwanted marriage. Attila uses this as a pretext to invade the Western Roman Empire. |
451 |
Attila invades Gaul (now modern-day France) and sacks several cities. A coalition of Roman and Visigothic forces, led by General Flavius Aetius, confronts Attila at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains. June 20. Attila’s forces are defeated at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, forcing him to retreat from Gaul. |
452 | Attila invades Italy, causing significant destruction but ultimately failing to capture Rome due to logistical issues, the resistance of the Roman army, and a possible outbreak of disease among his troops. |
453 | March 21. Attila dies suddenly, possibly due to internal bleeding caused by excessive alcohol consumption during his wedding feast. His empire begins to fragment after his death. |
453-454 | Attila’s sons, Ellac, Dengizich, and Ernakh, begin to fight for control of the Hunnic Empire, leading to internal conflict and the eventual decline of the empire. |
454 | The Battle of Nedao marks a major defeat for the Huns, as various Germanic tribes, led by the Gepids, rebel against Hunnic rule. This further contributes to the fragmentation of the Hunnic Empire. |
c. 469 | The last remnants of the Hunnic Empire are absorbed by various Germanic tribes and the Eastern Roman Empire, marking the end of Hunnic rule in Europe. |